Five Types of Affective Contexts: Nonmonotonic NPI Licensers
نویسنده
چکیده
1. Introduction In this paper, I show that there exist five-not only three-types of affective contexts which license negative polarity items (NPIs). There are two classes of nonmonotonic NPI licensers – stable and unstable-in addition to three kinds of downward entailing (DE) licensers that Zwarts (1993,1998) points out. The existence of covert 'only' is the key to NPI licensing by the unstable class. Moreover, nonreferentiality is requisite for NPI licensing by this class. The fact that there is no nonmonotonic NPI licensing in Japanese gives evidence that nonmonotonic classes form the weakest NPI licensers. Furthermore, I suggest that the quantified structured meaning is the semantics of the whole range of NPI licensers in both DE and nonmonotonic environment.
منابع مشابه
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The main aim of this paper is to provide a new analysis of licensers of negative polarity items (NPIs). The problems with Fauconnier-Ladusaw's downward entailment analysis have been argued since Linebarger (1980). I will show that there exists a class of weak NPI licensers characterized by non-monotonicity and exclusivity. Weak negation, which is monotone decreasing, has been known to license w...
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